Unveiling Urban Canines: Leveraging Single-sight and Sight–resight Survey for Street Dog Population Estimation and Enhanced Rabies Surveillance in Metropolitan City of Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, Karnataka, India

Aim: The aim of the study is to estimate Bengaluru's street dog population and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for population control and public health, particularly in rabies control. It also aims to develop a blueprint for responsible urban management that prioritizes compassion and safety for both humans and street dogs.

Study Design and Methodology: The study utilizes the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) Street Dog Survey to estimate the street dog population in Bengaluru. It employs Single-Sight and Sight–Resight methods with Lincoln–Petersen's Formula and Chapman’s Correction for estimation. The population is categorized into zones to provide nuanced insights, guiding targeted interventions based on gender, age composition, and neutering status. During the initial six days, a single-sight survey was conducted by a pair of surveyors traveling on a 2-wheeler down every road in an allocated zone, photographing and recording details of dogs observed. Subsequently, on the following six days, all dogs sighted during the initial survey period were documented, regardless of whether they were previously recorded.

Results: The study estimates Bengaluru's street dog population at approximately 279335. It indicates a significant 10% reduction in the street dog population since 2019 which had estimated it at 309898, suggesting effective interventions. There is also a commendable 20% increase in neutering rates from an estimated 51.16% in 2019 to 71.85% in the present study, highlighting the importance of ongoing efforts in population control and public health, particularly in rabies control.

Conclusion: The reduction in the street dog population is deemed pivotal for curtailing disease transmission and ensuring public safety. The study positions itself to develop a blueprint for responsible urban management, prioritizing compassion and safety for both humans and street dogs. By exemplifying the effectiveness of evidence-driven policies and collective action, the aim is to pave the way for sustainable urban management practices that foster harmonious coexistence between communities and street dogs. Through continued collaboration and informed decision-making, the study suggests striving towards creating a safer and more compassionate environment for all inhabitants of Bengaluru.