Are Breast Implants Associated with an Increased Risk of Cancer Development in the Breast?

Cancer is a global concern that has sparked ongoing research to understand its risk factors and causes. A recent question has emerged regarding the relationship between breast implants and cancer risk, particularly in the context of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). This literature review aims to provide insight into this complex issue, examining existing scientific evidence and exploring potential associations. A thorough search in Pubmed, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus databases regarding study keywords including breast implant, cancer, BIA-ALCL was made. Three key articles were reviewed, revealing a significant link between breast implants, especially textured ones, and BIA-ALCL. The incidence of BIA-ALCL ranges from 1 in 2,969 women with breast implants to 1 in 355 women with textured implants after breast reconstruction. As this risk grows, the use of textured implants may decline in favour of round and smooth implants, albeit with aesthetic trade-offs. Surgeons must inform patients thoroughly, considering both risks and advantages when choosing implant types. This review underscores the importance of discussing BIA-ALCL risks during informed consent for breast implant surgery and highlights the need for global registries and further research to elucidate predisposing factors and genetic susceptibility. Despite the relatively low risk, it is crucial for all women, with or without breast implants, to continue regular cancer screenings and self-examinations, ensuring informed decision-making about their health.