REVIEW ON “CRISPR-CAS9- A GENOME EDITING TOOL FOR PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT”

Agricultural crop production is critically restrained by many plant pathogens and pests, particularly where a number of them exist concurrently. A use disease-resistant plant variety is one of the most effective ways to reduce the negative impacts of plant pathogens on crop production and yield. Recent advancements in novel breeding techniques offer the potential to expedite disease resistance breeding in a variety of plants. Because of its ability to make precise alterations in plant genomes and trait stacking through multiplexing, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has become as the most effective technique for genetic enhancement. CRISPR/Cas9 is a fast evolving genome editing tool that has been successfully used in many species, including experimental and agricultural plants. Disease resistance is rapidly engineered by CRISPR-based genome editing tools by directly targeting specific nucleotide sites of plant pathogens. This method is highly effective, having low risk of off-target effects as compared to other genome editing techniques, and is reasonably simple to use. CRISPR-Cas technology produce incredible broad-spectrum disease resistance in crops with the assistance of CRISPR-Cas technology where specific host susceptibility genes are targeted (Susceptibility-gene approach) or DNA of plant pathogens is cleaved (bacteria, viruses, or fungi) in order to restrain their emergence. CRISPR-Cas technology is successfully being employed to enhance crop immunity and tolerance to number of plant pathogens, and thereafter leading to the development of disease-resistant crops. In this review, we will discuss about theCRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing technology and its utilization in plant disease resistance.