ALUMINUM TOXICITY IN FRESHWATER FISHES: A REVIEW

This article aimed to describe the toxicological effects of aluminum (Al), mainly with special reference to the chemical factors that control both bioavailability and toxicity of Al. Our Purpose is to update the literature concerning aluminum toxicity in freshwater fishes and to highlight on Al speciation and different physiological, pathological and genotoxic effects on freshwater fish. We appraise the chemistry of Al, with a special highlight on understanding, as well as detecting, Al chemical species of significance to freshwater fish. The second section showed the most recent literatures which explain the physiological effects of Al on freshwater fish; the third section reviews the pathological effects of Al exposure to freshwater fish. The fourth section evaluated the genotoxicity of Al in different freshwater fish. We finalized with modernized review of toxicity of Al to fish, focusing on mechanisms of action, and the role of Al speciation in controlling bioavailability.