Bone Proteins as Osteokines in Extraosseous Tissues: Emerging Therapeutic Targets

Bones serve as the building structures of the body. According to studies, bone has a role in the regulation of organs outside of the bone in addition to serving as the foundation for building structures. This function's actualization is directly tied to the protein that bones secrete. The ability of bone to realize its location in the human body is also influenced by its secretion. The specific regulation of bones on organs is made possible by proteins derived from bone, which intensifies and concretizes the role of bone in the human body. By creating quantitative changes in bone-derived components, mechanical stimulation has an impact on the extra-skeletal organs. Further research is necessary to determine whether the proteins released by bone can affect illness. As we outline the locations, structures, and functions of these proteins in this review paper, we first discuss the significance and key reasons for the extensive work on bone-derived secretory proteins. These activities will affect cross-organ coordination in addition to the process of bone metabolism. For the treatment of diseases, especially for the elderly with several basic diseases, understanding their critical function in cross-organ regulation is of utmost importance.