Study About Agarwood Oil (Aquilaria crassna Pierre) in Phu Quoc Island National Park, Vietnam

Results of Agarwood quantity could classify into three groups in order of decreasing levels of resin accumulation are high group 66, 59, 58; average group 20, 50, 13, 26 and low group 32, 15, 324 and 311. The highest quantity obtained is branch 66, in the laboratory is 0.235 ml/kg and in industry is 0.895 ml/kg. Analysis results showed that the total compositions of 20 years Agarwood oil are 84 substances, including mainly sesquiterpene such as -Eudesmol, -Eudesmol, -Tumerone, -Selinene, -Selinene and a large proportion is fat acids are Tetradecanoic acid and Hexadecanoic acid. Branches 66 which have collected in dry season are good Agarwood oil because they have a large proportion of sesquiterpen compositions and dark color products. For quality measurement of Agarwood oil, it is necessary to combine many factors; nevertheless, in this project two aspects were considered color of essential oils and chemical compositions. The color was evaluated based on mark scale from 1 to 7 and GC-MS method would identify the components in essential oil of 4 species (3 high resins and 1 average resin). Analysis results showed that the total composition of 20 years Agarwood oil are 84 substances, including mainly sesquiterpene such as -Eudesmol, -Eudesmol, -Tumerone, -Selinene, -Selinene and a large proportion of fat acids are Tetradecanoic acid and Hexadecanoic acid. Additional, the result showed that no difference in results between two scales. The Determined results of genetic diversity as compared genetic chloroplast genome diversity of the Aquilaria crassna plant groups that creat aloe wood differently. We have identified the relationship about origin of the Aquilaria crassna plant groups. Except tree have code M106, the remaining tree groups were identified have a common origin. But they have capabilities accumulation of resin differently, like that genetic factors isn’t as a decisive role in creation of aloe wood process. The discovery of the 400bp DNA in plant groups which accumulate much resin is part of a gene Matk. It exist in the chloroplast genome of plants, this discovery contributed to a directive has good prospects which service the search for plants able to accumulate high resin. In addition, the research results about presence of aldose reductase gene, we confirmed that this gene exists in Aquilaria crassna plants, It related to making of aloe wood process but expression levels of genes in the Aquilaria crassna plants differently. We also pointed out the symbiotic fungus on the Aquilaria crassna tree that stimulate ability of accumulate resin such as aloe wood highly, species of fungi belonging to Penicillium and Aspergilus. Besides, also found the fungus in line Thysanophora sp., And Eupenicillium sp.